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The prefix hemi‑ (Greek: “half”) denotes involvement of one side of the body. Common terms:
| Term | Definition | Clinical Context |
|---|---|---|
| Hemiparesis | Weakness of one side | Stroke, tumor, MS |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis of one side | Severe stroke, hemorrhage |
| Hemiatrophy | Wasting of one side | Disuse, denervation, congenital |
| Hemianopia | Loss of half visual field | Occipital lesion, optic tract |
| Hemiagnosia | Neglect of one side | Right parietal stroke (anosognosia) |
| Hemiplegic migraine | Migraine with motor aura | Familial (CACNA1A) or sporadic |
| Hemiballismus | Violent flinging movements (one side) | Subthalamic nucleus lesion (stroke, HIV) |
| Hemihyperplasia | Overgrowth of one side | Beckwith‑Wiedemann, Proteus syndrome |
| Hemifacial spasm | Involuntary facial contractions (one side) | Vascular compression of CN VII |
| Hemisection (Brown‑Séquard) | Spinal cord half‑lesion | Ipsilateral motor/proprioception loss, contralateral pain/temp loss |
Recognizing “hemi‑” patterns localizes neurological lesions and guides imaging/workup.
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