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Arzt vs. Doktor: Definitionen, Ausbildung und Unterschiede im Aufgabenbereich

The terms are often used interchangeably, but they have distinct meanings:

FeaturePhysicianDoctor (General)
DegreeMD or DO (medical degree)Any doctorate (PhD, JD, PsyD, DDS, DVM, EdD, etc.)
Residency trainingRequired (3–7+ years)Not required
License to practice medicineYes (state medical board)No (unless also a physician)
Diagnose/treat medical conditionsYesNo
Prescribe medicationsYesNo
Perform surgery/proceduresYes (within specialty)No

Key Distinction

All physicians are doctors. Not all doctors are physicians.

  • Physician = Licensed medical practitioner (MD/DO + residency + licensure).
  • Doctor = Anyone holding a doctoral-level degree.

Examples of non-physician doctors: PhD researchers, psychologists (PsyD/PhD), dentists (DDS/DMD), veterinarians (DVM), lawyers (JD), pharmacists (PharmD), physical therapists (DPT).

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